Buffalo Records Symbols

Maths and Science Symbols

Nine sets of maths and science characters, each listed with its official Unicode name and codepoint. Start here to find the right one, then copy it from its page.

Tap any tile to copy it. Nothing is sent anywhere — the copy happens in your browser.

Every page in this section

What is in this wing

Nine pages, and they are deliberately different sizes, because the sets themselves are different
sizes.

  • Inequality symbols — 90 comparison characters. The two you
    came for are ≤ and ≥; the page also separates the three different characters that all read
    "less than or equal to".
  • Set theory symbols — 90 characters for membership,
    containment and combination: ∈, ∪, ∩, ∅ and the long tail of variants.
  • Logic symbols — 37 characters, the quantifiers and connectives
    plus the turnstiles.
  • Math symbols — 87 operators, the general list: arithmetic,
    calculus, the n-ary operators.
  • Greek letter symbols and
    Greek alphabet symbols — the same 56-character alphabet,
    approached from two directions: one as symbols used in formulae, one as an alphabet.
  • Exponent and index symbols — 32 superscripts and subscripts,
    digits and a few signs, as single characters.
  • Degree symbol — 9 characters. Small because that is all there
    is: the degree sign, the primes, and the two precomposed temperature signs.
  • The infinity symbol — 5 characters, of which one is the one
    anybody wants.

A letter and an operator can look identical

Σ is U+03A3 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA, general category Lu, an upper-case
letter. ∑ is U+2211 N-ARY SUMMATION, general category Sm, a maths symbol. They can
be drawn near enough alike to fool the eye and they behave differently everywhere it counts: a spell
checker reads one as a letter, a case-folding routine lower-cases one and not the other, and a sort
puts them in different places. The same trap sits under Π and ∏, and under any Greek letter
that has an operator twin. Reach for the letter when you mean a variable and the operator when you
mean an operation.

Two characters in this wing are dangerous in HTML

The inequality set includes < U+003C and > U+003E. Pasted into HTML
source they open and close a tag, so a formula typed raw can eat the rest of the line. Write
&lt; and &gt;, and use &le;,
&ge; and &ne; for the rest.

Alignment in monospace

East Asian Width decides cell count in a fixed-width layout, and the maths sets are mixed. Of the
90 inequality characters, 14 are Ambiguous and 74 are Neutral; in a terminal set to render Ambiguous
as double-width, ≤ takes two cells and ≲ takes one. A hand-aligned table of comparisons will
drift. All 24 Greek capitals from U+0391 to U+03A9 are Ambiguous, so the same applies to a column of
variables.

The other two wings are music symbols and the
general symbol reference; the index has a
sample of everything.